Medea

Miguel Pena Mrs. Futrell English 2 28 October 2011 Jason Tragic Hero In the tragedy Medea by Euripides, Jason faces the death of his new wife and two sons that have been killed by his ex-wife Medea. Jason leaves Medea to marry the king of Corinth’s daughter; therefore, Medea takes revenge on him. Jason wasn’t always bad he was a good husband before he did what he did. Jason is a tragic hero because he fits the characteristics of a tragic hero. First of all Jason is a tragic hero because he helped Medea when she didn’t know it.Jason tells her â€Å"You have a home in Hellas instead of some Barbarian land, you have known justice, and had your talents recognized all over Greece. †(Euripides pg. 365) Medea believes that Jason has done nothing but married her and left her for some princess. In that, quote Jason tells Medea that he has help her in many ways such as giving her a new home, teaching her to be civil, and helped make a name for her. Aristotle’ s says that that a tragic hero is usually a good person and that’s what Jason is.Also, Leaving Madea for the king’s daughter shows that being selfish was his tragic flaw. In the play the Nurse says, â€Å"Jason has betrayed his sons and her, takes to bed a royal bride, Creon’s daughter. †(Euripides pg. 337) The text explains that Jason has left his two sons and Madea just to marry a princess. Jason left Medea because he said he will be able to have money to support his children, which is selfish because he can find other ways to get money. Medea also thinks Jason is being selfish and just wants a new wife because he was tired of her.A tragic hero has a tragic flaw, and Jason’s selfishness is his flaw because, after Madea learns what he’s going to do, he begins to lose everything. Finally Jason faces the death of his new wife and his two children when his ex-wife kills them. Jason says â€Å"Let me have the boys – to mourn and bury th em. †(Euripides pg. 388)The quote is what Jason is saying to Medea when he last sees her. Medea has killed his new wife and both their sons and Jason is now asking Medea to let him bury the children but she won’t let him because she wants him to suffer.Jason selfishness to leave Madea and his children caused him to lose Medea, his new wife and his two sons and ended up with nothing but himself. Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero states that a tragic hero will end up with nothing at the end, which is what happens to Jason. In conclusion Jason is a tragic hero. In the play Medea, he showed examples as to why he was a tragic hero. His selfishness, being a good person, and ending up with nothing in the end are some examples. Medea The chorus helps you feel for Media and makes her the victim to certain conflicts In the play. An example of this Is, are acting wrongly In thus abandoning your wife. † Media and Jason meet when Jason came to Colitis for the Golden Fleece, If he was able to retrieve it he would become king. On his quest he meets Media who is from Colitis and offers to help Jason. Media was shot by Aphrodite the god of love which makes the two of them fall madly in love.Media moves to Corinth with Jason and soon after hey are married and had two sons Jason finds younger, more respectable women and abandons Media for Gauche. This is Important as Euripides uses this to empathic Media's plight. The Chorus are often also considered as the Ideal audience for a play, in that their reactions to the action on stage reflect the way the playwright hopes the audience might react. This example of the use of the chorus helps to build empathy and make you think about Media's position in the world. It also cre ates mood and a general tone for the story.Rhetorical questions are a form of a question made to have a strong impact on the listeners without any expectation of a reply. It encourages you to think In the direction the author would want. In Media Euripides uses rhetorical questions to have a strong emphasis on emotion and general tone to help build empathy for outsiders. An example of this is when the chorus says, â€Å"Where can you turn for shelter? † When Jason abandoned Media, she felt hurt and was seeking revenge on Jason to get back at him for what he did to her.Media had many plans to kill the princess and their sons to create suffering for Jason. Euripides uses rhetorical questions to create sympathy on the back of what happened to her and to make Media stop and think If she kills these people she will have no one left to turn too and her life will be miserable. It encourages the audience to empathic for Media because it's saying that she is alone, and lost and has no family left, because she killed them all. This example of a rhetorical question helps to create empathy and make the audience think.Euripides effectively uses rhetorical questions to encourage the audience and to empathic about Media's grief and loss. Hyperbole Is used to create a larger-than-life effect and overly stress a specific point. In Media Euripides uses hyperbole to create sympathy. An example of a hyperbole used is when Media says, â€Å"Segues, my husband's the most evil man alive. † Segues is one of Media's good friends and is a person she uses for shelter and safety when she has no one left to turn too.Euripides uses hyperbole to emphasis Media's tuition and the mess she is getting herself into. Media is over exaggerating her point to make Jason sound like the villain in this situation. When he Isn't the most evil man alive, he Is doing what a lot of Greek men did In this time and It was accepted. Realistically possible or believable but helps emphasize an emot ion. Media is an outsider; she was born in Colitis and is a non-Greek woman commonly known as a Barbarian. Euripides creates empathy for outsiders like Media by using the chorus, rhetorical questions and hyperbole. Medea Miguel Pena Mrs. Futrell English 2 28 October 2011 Jason Tragic Hero In the tragedy Medea by Euripides, Jason faces the death of his new wife and two sons that have been killed by his ex-wife Medea. Jason leaves Medea to marry the king of Corinth’s daughter; therefore, Medea takes revenge on him. Jason wasn’t always bad he was a good husband before he did what he did. Jason is a tragic hero because he fits the characteristics of a tragic hero. First of all Jason is a tragic hero because he helped Medea when she didn’t know it.Jason tells her â€Å"You have a home in Hellas instead of some Barbarian land, you have known justice, and had your talents recognized all over Greece. †(Euripides pg. 365) Medea believes that Jason has done nothing but married her and left her for some princess. In that, quote Jason tells Medea that he has help her in many ways such as giving her a new home, teaching her to be civil, and helped make a name for her. Aristotle’ s says that that a tragic hero is usually a good person and that’s what Jason is.Also, Leaving Madea for the king’s daughter shows that being selfish was his tragic flaw. In the play the Nurse says, â€Å"Jason has betrayed his sons and her, takes to bed a royal bride, Creon’s daughter. †(Euripides pg. 337) The text explains that Jason has left his two sons and Madea just to marry a princess. Jason left Medea because he said he will be able to have money to support his children, which is selfish because he can find other ways to get money. Medea also thinks Jason is being selfish and just wants a new wife because he was tired of her.A tragic hero has a tragic flaw, and Jason’s selfishness is his flaw because, after Madea learns what he’s going to do, he begins to lose everything. Finally Jason faces the death of his new wife and his two children when his ex-wife kills them. Jason says â€Å"Let me have the boys – to mourn and bury th em. †(Euripides pg. 388)The quote is what Jason is saying to Medea when he last sees her. Medea has killed his new wife and both their sons and Jason is now asking Medea to let him bury the children but she won’t let him because she wants him to suffer.Jason selfishness to leave Madea and his children caused him to lose Medea, his new wife and his two sons and ended up with nothing but himself. Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero states that a tragic hero will end up with nothing at the end, which is what happens to Jason. In conclusion Jason is a tragic hero. In the play Medea, he showed examples as to why he was a tragic hero. His selfishness, being a good person, and ending up with nothing in the end are some examples.

Miller comments Essay

During ‘The Crucible’ the acts which unfold able some characters to empower themselves: most notably Abigail Williams, Mary Warren and even John Proctor. Some characters begin with little or no power, then abuse the situations to gain power, whereas others begin with power and lose it, sometimes justly and other times unjustly. This could be seen as a moral message for the audiences of the play, warning of power abuse which could lead to devastating consequences. In the introductory comments, Miller comments before the events begin to unfold how â€Å"†¦the children were anything but thankful for being permitted to walk straight† which shows before the witchcraft trials and accusations had begun, children were powerless under the authority of the male dominated society -children had no power to roam freely. One of the people that gained power in the play is Mary Warren, who is a servant and so is one of the lowest ranks of the Puritan society- much like the children of Salem. At first she does not have any power at all as she is taught that she has to follow orders from the Proctors, who she works for. This is seen when she â€Å"lept† with â€Å"fright† upon Proctors entrance. Yet, she manages to turn from a â€Å"mouse† to a â€Å"daughter of a prince† as she suddenly gains power from working in the court, trying possible witches. Her increasing power is also shown from her defiance of Proctor when she refuses his order of not going to â€Å"court again†, and responds that she â€Å"must† and â€Å"will be gone everyday†. It also shown through stage directions, when Mary is â€Å"terrified† of Proctor but quickly becomes â€Å"erect†, which highlights her ability to overcome her fear of Proctor because of her growing confidence and power. Mary even manages to intimidate Proctor in this part of the play. When threatened with the â€Å"whip† from Proctor, she manages to threaten him further by responding â€Å"I would have you speak civilly to me, from this out. † Mary, filled with this newly found power, is able to threaten Procter to stop beating her or she will not speak so highly of his family next time. By using the phrase â€Å"from this out† shows that Mary doesn’t usually expect that kind of treatment from the Proctor, yet now she is able to demand it because of the power gain. Again, further on in the play Mary is also able to â€Å"numb† Proctor when she overthrows his â€Å"grip† on her to tell the truth about the accusations, and instead turns on him. When pressured by Abigail and the other girls, once they start accusing Mary to save themselves, she is not able to stand her ground – which highlights her feebleness and weakness which was seen at the very start of the play. This is seen as she even admits she has â€Å"no power†. This links to her inferior position in the society and even within her social group, she is not popular, and respected. This is shown when Abigail tells Mary to â€Å"shut it† and Mercy Lewis starts â€Å"pointing† and â€Å"looking† at Mary as if she were to blame. However, the fact that Mary was able to then accuse Proctor of being â€Å"devil’s man†, who is a highly respected in the village, shows that she does have more power than she started with. But she is abusing her power, to save herself and because of her lack of power on her social circle. So, this once ‘innocent’ girl who thought they â€Å"must tell the truth† took advantage of the situation so she and her friends would not be â€Å"whipped†. Overall, Mary arguably, has the most progressive power of all the girls and possibly all of the characters in ‘The Crucible’, but that’s not to say she has the most power overall. Another character like Mary Warren who gains power throughout the play is Abigail Williams. Once shunned and scorned by the inhabitants of the village because of her â€Å"blackened name†, Abigail becomes a domineering power, and is treated like a â€Å"saint†. A mere accusation from Abigail or one of her girls is enough to convict even a well-respected inhabitant of Salem like Rebecca Nurse who does â€Å"great charities†. Even though in present day we would associate â€Å"saint† with good Samaritans, which would seem absurd to see Abigail called this in present day, she was seen in this way because in puritan society if you went against god, you went against the law. So Abigail’s act of bringing Salem’s attention to the presence of the devil, and then through the court eradicating it was seen as an act of greatness. Abigail starts off as a scared young girl which is seen through Millers stage directions, as she â€Å"quavers† when being questioned by Parris about Betty’s mysterious illness. However, soon she is able to assert her power of the girls by â€Å"smashing† Betty round the face and threatening all the girls not to tell anyone about the events of the previous night, or she will â€Å"come† to them at the â€Å"black of one terrible night†. This implies they could be her prey, and if they make a wrong move she could pounce on them, which again puts her in a domineering position. This characteristic allows her to control within the group which creates more tension because Abigail also seems to be possessive which is seen when she says â€Å"Now look you. All of you†. The repetition of â€Å"you† makes the phrase quite aggressive and short commanding sentences have a strong impact, and make Abigail seem hostile but ultimately powerful. Her empowerment is also documented as the inhabitants of Salem think the â€Å"sea parts like Israel† for Abigail, so her sins are overlooked, as people take her word to be an expression of â€Å"God’s will. † This allowed Abigail to control and manipulate even the most powerful men in Salem, which is seen when Abigail threatens that Danforth- a high court official. So, Abigail Williams, who was once powerless in general society, is a perfect example of someone who became empowered by deciding the fate of other people and, by controlling and threatening people. Although, Abigail did have a powerful status among her social group from the outset and throughout which is shown when she starts â€Å"pointing with fear† and accusing Mary of â€Å"hurting her†, and quickly all the girls chime in with her. The third character who is subtly empowered is John Proctor. Despite his prideful ways, John Proctor describes himself as a â€Å"sinner. † His conversation with Elizabeth in act two where he exclaims for Elizabeth to â€Å"judge him not† demonstrated his internal conflict and his own unwillingness to forgive himself for his act of lechery. There are moments when his anger and disgust towards himself burst forth, such as when he exclaims to Judge Danforth: â€Å"I hear the boot of Lucifer, I see his filthy face! And it is my face, and yours. † So, although it is not clear from the outset that John Proctor has been empowered, he has. He is able for the first time to â€Å"see some shred of goodness† in himself- his relief from his constant guilt- when he decides to deny his confession. In conclusion, all three characters were empowered through the play, which led to the unjust killing of numerous inhabitants of Salem through the false allegations of witchcraft. So, Miller uses this to show the audience the consequence of abuse of power. Abigail is the best example because she falls from her position of high power, and resorts to boarding a â€Å"ship†, in order to escape.

Les Miserables Essay

Les Miserables (the title is the same in French and English) is the most well-known of Victor Hugo’s novels. It describes the miserable life of French workers, and especially their children. Hugo calls for social action to improve the unfortunate poor’s lives. This excerpt describes the character Marius, and how he has worked very hard to succeed in life. Excerpt from Les Miserables by Victor Hugo (1802-1885) Misery is the same with anything else. As time passes, it gradually becomes bearable. Marius had emerged from the narrow passage of his life; now the path widened out a bit. Through sheer hard work, courage, and a strong will, he had managed to earn around seven hundred francs a year. He had learned English and German. Thanks to Courfeyrac, the man who introduced him to his publisher friend, Marius held a position in the literary department of the publishing house, where he filled the useful role of utility. He wrote prospectuses, translated articles from journals, annotated publications, compiled biographies, and so on. His net gain, year in, year out, was seven hundred francs. He was able to survive on this income. How? Not badly. Here is how he lived. For a yearly rent of thirty francs, Marius lived in a miserable little room without a fireplace in the Gorbeau tenement. There was only a bare minimum of furniture which belonged to him. He paid the old woman who took care of the building a sum three francs a month to sweep his room, and bring him some warm water, a fresh egg, and a small loaf of bread every morning. This egg and bread cost him between two and four cents, because eggs varied in price. At six o’clock in the evening, he went downstairs to eat dinner at Rousseau’s in the Rue Saint Jacques. He had no soup, but he ate a plate of meat for six pennies, half a plate of vegetables for three pennies, and a dessert for the same price. As for bread, he could eat as much as he liked for three pennies, but instead of wine, he drank water. Then he paid at the counter, where Madame Rousseau sat majestically, a large woman with a pleasant face. She would smile as Marius handed the waiter a one penny tip. Then he left the restaurant. For a total of sixteen cents, he got a dinner and a smile. †¦.. Marius had two complete suits, one of them old, that he wore for everyday use, and the other one new, which he wore on special occasions. Both suits were black. He owned only three shirts: the one he had on, another one that was in the bureau drawer, and the third one that was at the laundry woman’s. When they wore out, he replaced them with new ones, but generally, his shirts were ragged, so he buttoned his coat up to his chin. To reach this stage of prosperity, it had taken Marius many hard, difficult years: years of barely getting by, and years of trudging along. He had never once given up. He had struggled and done without, he had been through every hardship, except going into debt. Instead of borrowing money, he went without food. There had been many days of fasting. During all his hard times, he actually felt encouraged, and sometimes he even felt a certain inner strength. In addition to the memory of his father, Marius carried the memory of Thà ©nardier in his heart. He envisioned the man surrounded by a halo, the brave sergeant Thà ©nardier who had saved his father, a colonel, when he found him among the cannon fire and bullets at Waterloo. Marius always kept the memory of this man together with the memory of his father, and he felt great admiration for them both. It was a bit like a form of worship in two steps. The high altar was reserved for his father the colonel, and the low one for Thà ©nardier. His feelings of gratitude for the man were strengthened by the knowledge that Thà ©nardier had suffered a horrible misfortune. Marius found out that as an unlucky innkeeper, Thà ©nardier had gone bankrupt. After learning this, Marius made countless efforts to track down the miserable Thà ©nardier, who had disappeared. Marius blamed and hated himself for not being able to locate him. He felt that the only debt his father had left him was to succeed in finding Thà ©nardier. Marius felt it was his duty to pay him that tribute. â€Å"After all,† he thought, â€Å"when my father lay dying on the battlefield, it was Thà ©nardier who was able to find him through the smoke, and carry him away on his shoulders. Yet he owed Thà ©nardier nothing, whereas I, who owe so much to Thà ©nardier, cannot get to him in his time of darkness and suffering. I cannot, in my turn, restore him to life. Oh! I will find him!†

Revolts in Medieval Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Revolts in Medieval Europe - Essay Example There were many political, economical and social reasons for these revolts, which happened one chasing the other. Europe had been suffering from the three orders of society, ruling class, clergy and common people, for a long time. In some regions and states, it was the ruling class that harassed the poor and in some other regions, it was the clergy. Actually, the religious superstitions were such, that clergy, abbots, papacy got away with unspeakable crimes. The political size and management of states, economic upheavals were the other newly introduced issues. "Since the early fourteenth century new elements had come into play. The growth in the size of states and the increasing number of wars had raised the financial requirements of governments and made the state of inequality, already observable in the thirteenth century, harder to bear," Mollatt and Wolff (p.107). The reasons and problems had accumulated for decades, and while looking at them from this distance, it is surprising that the church leaders and kings failed to recognise them. Unrest was clearly in the air and unfortunately, no steps were taken by either the ruling class, or the religious leaders and every time, the situation was mishandled and reached the inevitable gory end. In the beginning of 14th century Europe came to a grinding halt, due ... In the beginning of 14th century Europe came to a grinding halt, due to popular revolts. It was the time when a series of revolts combined with unfortunate epidemics like Black Death (1348), Great Famine (1315 - 1317) hit Europe with unbelievable mayhem. According to climatologists, it might have occurred because of Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age, and the overpopulation of around a 100 million in Europe. At least half of the population was wiped out in these catastrophes, while the remaining half was terribly troubled by a series of popular revolts. Those were violent and unfortunate times. There was severe unhappiness in the continent combined with continuous wars and skirmishes, social unrest, class struggle, economic depression, and to top it all, religious bigotry. France and England got involved in the most tortuous Hundred Years' War and the Great Schism ruined the arguable unity existed till them in the Catholic Church. German States with diverse identities cropped up and this undermined the Holy Roman Empire, which lost its importance and authority. Those were unhappy and difficult times, crying in need of social reforms and political insight, without being provided. Popular revolts were by peasants in the countryside and by bourgeois in the towns, but the victims were the same, abbots, nobility and kings and chieftains. "The Middle Ages by themselves harshly tested human perseverance, imagination, and spirit. Living conditions were squalid for almost everyone except the ruling elite; most of the riches of Western culture were preserved at best in monasteries and on other continents. Then came the widespread famines, prolonged wars, and plagues that mark Europe's late medieval period as one

Family in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Family in UK - Essay Example The definition of family has changed over the centuries for reasons that include both social and structural changes in the western world. The UK family structure has changed in the last 40-40 years.Initially, social scientists including anthropologists and sociologists agreed on various ‘conventional’ definition of family. One such definition was that of Murdocks in 1949, which stated, â€Å"A social group characterized by common residence, economic corporation, and reproduction. It includes adults of both sexes, at least two of whom maintain a socially approved sexual relationship, and one or more children, own or adopted, of the sexually cohabiting adults† (Settles, pp56, 1999). According to Coontz, the world family until the 19th century was commonly explained as a married couple, living with their co-resident children and distinguished from a household or more distant kin (Arnold, 2007, n.d). Therefore, the definitions stated above, and as described by the que stion have common themes, that of a union of a heterosexual couple (male and female) with recognized rights and obligations, and children. Heterosexuality is the sexual orientation to the persons of the opposite sex. This definition of the family is that of a nuclear family (Lamanna & Reidmann, pp3, 2006). However, at the turn of the 20th century, contemporary social scientists have challenged this definition of family. Various new definitions of family have emerged. There have been various phenomena, which have changed this traditional definition. During the 1900s, Western world had seen dramatic shifts in women employment, opportunities for sexual expression, and technological advances that have touched numerous aspects of the social life of individuals. In addition, the society of today is a dynamic one and families are adapting to meet the new demands of the world. This is because now change and diversity is the norm (Karraker & Grochowski, pp18, 2006). Many people because of a variety of factors have reconsidered the conventional definition of family. This may be because of increased awareness of human rights and equality, feminism, and the place of law. One other reason is due to the increased divorce rate that increased in the mid-fifties. This has led to the family including one divorced adult with another heterosexual adult, bringing up a custodial child (belonging to either adult) and children. Hence, one wonders about the boundaries of family (Settles, pp57, 1999). Families offer the need of intimacy, communication, problem solving and helping each other according to Karraker & Grochowski (2006). Grochowski’s concept of strategic living communities has expanded the traditional definition of family to include all such members who offer intimacy and love. In a way, families are regarded as proactive organism, and it should not be limited to rigid definitions and stereotypes. In this way, everyone has their own right to define who their family i s. It is highly independent on the individual (Karraker, Grochowski, pp18, 2006). Therefore, in the recent times, social scientists of different fields have challenged the conventional definition of family. Family is a very core concept in social sciences especially that in sociology. Hence, the paper will initially address the sociologists’ view of the conventional definition of family. In sociology, the family is regarded as the social institution. It is the key to primary socialization for children in society (Charles, pp. 1-2, 2004). Family life and work has transformed due to recent times in various countries. Hence, the issue of what a family consists of has been greatly talked about. In contemporary tines, the traditional definition is not synonymous to what families currently are. Today’s families include

Young Adult Couples' Decision Making Regarding Emergency Contraceptive Essay

Young Adult Couples' Decision Making Regarding Emergency Contraceptive Pills - Essay Example The work was published in the journal of nursing scholarship in 2011(Beaulieu et al.). The concern over the presence of cases of unwanted pregnancies motivated the study regarding the reluctance of young couples in using Emergency contraceptive pills. The researchers constructed sets of salient conditions to guide the research. These conditions touch on contraceptive use, decision making among couples, views between men and women over the use of ECPs, a woman’s autonomy, and relationship power. To enhance the validity and credibility of the study, the researchers employed the use of face to face interview as a research method. Qualitative research was most appropriate for this social research (Weinberg, 2002). Open ended questions were employed to collect data which comprised of personal views. Despite the availability of other research method, the researcher chose face to face interview. This was recommendable because this method enables the research to create a rapport with participants. The authors have clearly stated objectives of the study using an explanatory title, in the abstract, introduction and through the arguments stated in the report. The title briefly summarizes the whole topic. By reading the topic, a reader automatically gets a good snapshot of the entire study. The authors introduce the topic of unwanted pregnancies by providing definitions and reasons for its occurrences. They later state the reasons why it was necessary to explore this subject, and the necessary steps and methodology utilized during the study. He also introduces all concepts discussed in the report clearly using simple language. All the supporting literature is recent, hence, relating the issue with current discussions and ongoing debate regarding contraceptive use. They also state the importance of this study by stating the concerns surrounding the issue. Despite the fact that ECPs safely prevent unwanted pregnancies, it is confusing why young couples refrain from us ing them. These contraceptives also suit the needs of young people and are available for their use. So it remains unclear why young people do not avail themselves for their use. This study was different from past studies because past studies centered on women as the primary decision makers of regarding contraceptive use. However, this study took a different perspective of focusing on the couple, and not just women. Couple dynamics looks at the dominance of men in reproductive health decision making. Men dominate these decisions because they too, do not want unplanned pregnancies and experience the pressure for sex. To give the article more credibility, information is provided from other fields that relate to the study. Information is concerned with developmental antecedents, which influence decision making in relationships. In this analysis, the authors connect the article theme to other factors that are fundamental to providing more insight to readers as to the importance of the st udy (Beaulieu et al., 2011). The article is written in simple and clear language, which makes it easy to read and understand for anyone with basic education. The author has portrayed facts in an organized and clear manner, supporting every argument with appropriate resources. These resources provide in depth information on the subject and prove the information’s credibility. The article has been organized into section, each section covering a specific aspect of the study. In addition, there is congruence among different sections. All the sections serve to build up arguments that support the study. Right from the abstract and the introduction, the author has introduced participants in the study; mentioning the people concerned over the issue, past studies and reports over the issue, p

Humerous essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Humerous - Essay Example I waited for the Colonel to go on his walk and then telephoned him. You answered the phone. I kept on talking asking irrelevant questions. Of course you did not know it was me. Your voice, I swear, was sweet. Seeing that you visited the temple, I started visiting too. I developed devotion and started praying devoutly to God almighty to join us in holy wedlock. Whenever you saw me, your eyes used to light up with recognition and respect. I knew you loved me. I was sure. I had no doubt of it whatsoever. I belong to a well-to-do house and we were eight children. I was the eldest, and the others were girls. So I was too busy settling their marriages to think about my own. I was sacrificing my life for them. But I am not sorry about it. My sorrow is that those sisters do not care for me. I am not bothered about that, either. For, now I have you. And you are equal to a thousand sisters. I retired from government service last month. I get a handsome pension and this will be there for my wife too till her death. I am sixty years old. But what of that? I am hale and healthy. I used to play hockey and tennis. And badminton too. They say badminton is the game for pregnant women. So when you are in the family way, you won’t have to look for other pregnant women to play with. You can play with me. You are about 55 unless my eyes deceive me. I had a cataract operation last year, and they generally don’t. You are beautiful. Your strands of white hair, your dark complexion and the mole on your chin add to your beauty. But the thing that clinched the issue was the dimple on your left cheek. Whoever heard of a single dimple? And that dimple I am sure contains the whole universe and will show me everything that Yasoda saw in the Lord’s

Essentials of Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Essentials of Marketing - Essay Example Enlightened customers no longer buy into the old strategy that believes a good product sells itself. Marketing has become a well-balanced mix of concepts and techniques, research and sales, promotion and production. Marketing has been described as "[...] the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives" (Lancaster & Reynolds, 1999, p. 1). It is not so much a single task as it is a concept of visualizing your customer through their eyes, and creating a profit by understanding and satisfying their needs by providing something of value (Forsyth, 1999, p.124). Marketing is the companys interface between the customer and other key elements of the organization such as finance, production, and design. This concept remains constant and is unaffected by the product type or market sector. It is a continual process of scanning the environment to glean information about the customer in terms of age, politics, economics, culture, and technology. Todays customer driven company relies less on market manipulation and more on researching the customers desires and buying habits. In the end, it does not matter what you market, where you market it, whether it is a tangible good or a service, domestic or global, the basic marketing processes remain the same (Sandhusen, 2000, p.15). Thomas Eberling, CEO of pharmaceutical giant Novartis, insists that selling medicine is no different than selling soft drinks, and in his words, "[...] both require an in-depth knowledge of consumer behavior" (as cited in Capell, 2001). Understanding customer and market segment behavior is one of the most important elements of marketing. It requires understanding the segment as well as how they react as individuals. Behavior impacts profits and marketers employ extensive research to predict customer reaction to a product. Products that fail are often

Managing Multinational Operations IP 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managing Multinational Operations IP 4 - Essay Example Foreign investors need to consider many factors when planning their investments in China. There are many restrictions which apply only to them. In addition, the complex approval process, layers of government bureaucracy and consequent time delays are often difficult for investors unfamiliar with doing business in China to grasp. It is therefore recommended that specific and tailored professional advice is sought prior to commencing business in China. Comprehensive professional advice is available from legal officers in Greater China region. Due to the above discussed issues it is important for any foreign investor to consider the following factors when doing business in China. This is based on the fact that long term investment project require a thorough understanding of all business attributes of doing business in that country. From the onset, any potential foreign investor needs to understand that China is very restrictive on most direct investments into the country unless their ne ed is thoroughly justified. Foreign investments in China are strictly regulated on differential basis depending on the sector or industry. The catalogue for guiding foreign investments (Investment catalogue) is issued by the Ministry of Commerce and National Development and Reform commission and sets out the specific industries which are classified as â€Å"encouraged†, â€Å"restricted† or â€Å"prohibited† for foreign investment industries (Smithson, 2010). The ones that are not specified in the catalogue are classified as permitted for foreign investment. A consideration of the investment is one of the first tasks which should be undertaken by a foreign investor contemplating any investment in China. Business scope is also an issue to be considered. All business in China is required to operate within the terms of their business scope which must be approved by the relevant government authority. Approved business scope is evidenced by a business license issued by the State Administration of Industry and Commerce or its local office. Business activities are generally restricted to defined activities. As an entity may not act beyond its scope it is important that in determining the business scope it is not defined so narrowly that it restricts the permitted operations of the company. A foreign investor in China needs to consider too the accounting requirements that the regulatory framework imposes on all businesses in the country. Accounting laws and regulations have been formulated for enterprises with foreign investments and are generally close to internationally recognized accounting standards although slight differences exist. Statutory audits are required for enterprises with foreign investments. This is the surest way to win the trust of the Chinese that you are worth conducting a business in their country. It also shows the level of commitment and financial worthiness. Another decisive factor that also comes into focus in the pre-inv estment analysis and should never is ignored is the type of incentives to be offered is also a factor to consider. It is very necessary in a competitive business enterprise as it determines customer’s choice. At the same time it increases the expenses lowering the profit to be made so it must be selected wisely. In

Managing a Multigenerational Workforce Term Paper

Managing a Multigenerational Workforce - Term Paper Example rce could be challenging as well as interesting because if it is not properly understood, it would create a hazardous situation in between different age groups, leading into creating instability as well as conflicts. Based on different skills s as well as diversified ways of communication, these groups must be segregated accordingly. These diversified age groups could create a rich talented workforce, which in turn, would prove to be quite beneficial for the organisations in future. However, it should be too much challenging also for its remarkable diversity, which should be managed properly, otherwise the situation becomes fatal (Fallon, 2014). It has been earlier mentioned that multigenerational workforce could create positive and negative impacts on the overall performance of organizations belonging to this modern day context. From the perspective of positive impacts, an effective management of a multigenerational workforce could result in facilitating the modern organizations to reap several significant benefits. These benefits could be duly measured in the form of increasing the profitability level, attaining greater competitive position and ensuring long-term sustainability among others. On the other hand, from the standpoint of negative impacts, the implications of the above stated subject matter could be reckoned as decreased level of overall business or operational performance, ineffective decision making and most vitally mis-utilization of certain valuable resources like human resources. Thus, with this concern, it should be managed in an effective manner for enabling the modern organizations to reap several signi ficant benefits including taking wise decisions about developing the performance of the employees and taking deliberate efforts towards sustaining in this competitive business settings. While discussing about the management of a multigenerational workforce, it will be vita to mention that in this 21st century, operations performed within the

Case Analysis for North American Warehouse Clubs Essay Example for Free

Case Analysis for North American Warehouse Clubs Essay The competitive environment has changed drastically since the BSG case was originally written. The United States (US) continues to decline in the market as opposed to several years ago, but due to certain qualities it continues to remain very competitive in the market. One factor which gives the US a competitive edge is innovation. US companies are highly sophisticated and innovative. For the purposes of this analysis, the focus will be on innovation. Modern technology with information systems and applications with state of the art information and communication technologies are leading factors in the success of businesses today. Many newer businesses use e-technologies as a tool that not only improves efficiency, but gives them the competitive edge against those companies which are still running operations with outdated technology. Companies who have been around for decades are forced to implement new systems depending on their business needs. Changing technology is an initiative that is generally high cost, taking time to implement. There are numerous options available today that if the implementation of a new system is not strategically planned it could ultimately place a business in a financial deficit forcing businesses to reduce operations and sometimes shut down. It is important for businesses to invest in research and development (RD) when deciding to develop new processes to maintain a competitive edge. Looking at the case, it is apparent that Costco was the leader in modern technology compared to the other two competitors. Costco began to grow its business with two websites in 2004 in the US and in Canada. Costco’s e-commerce sales more than tripled over several years, reaching sales of over $1.2B in 2007. BJ’s began upgrading technology in 2007 which was fully implemented in 2009. Although net sales increased from $8,792M to $9,802M during the implementation years, net sales have seized to take an impressive incline with the new system. Net sales only increased $152M from 2009 to 2010. The case did not report on any innovations related to technology for Sam’s Club. Some of the problems Sam’s Club faces compared to the other competitors can be directed at the location of warehouses, their competition with Wal-Mart and their low scale target market. One way to improve would be to focus on their target market by offering upscale merchandise which will target upscale clientele. Sam’s Club could purchase BJ’s which already sells high quality brand merchandise. Merging with this competitor would tighten the market share even more. Focusing on members through this type of merchandising strategy will increase profitability. Another way to improve would be to reduce the amounts of international imports and focus on using American made products. Reducing import/export costs overall will increase revenue growth and financial performance. References World Economic Forum. 2012. The Global Competitiveness Report 2012-2013. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Available at www3.weforum.org//WEF_GlobalCompetitivenessReport_2012-13 Wall Street Journal. Sam’s Club CEO Launches Charge on Rivals, Updated October 31, 2012, 1:44 p.m. ET http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203335504578089131653808580.html By SHELLY BANJO version of this article appeared October 31, 2012, on page B7 in the U.S. edition of The Wall Street Journal, with the headline: Sams Club CEO Launches Charge on Rivals. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505123_162-43940823/sams-clubs-risky-move-into-sma

The Determinacy of Existence Essay Example for Free

The Determinacy of Existence Essay In Steven Spielberg’s Artificial Intelligence: AI, the same question seems to have haunted its main character, David. As a part of the genre of science fiction, the film itself has a highly fictional character however given the developments within the fields of science and technology in the past few years along with the current threats that global warming poses to our environment and to the human race itself, it is not difficult to fathom that such an event will exist in the future. Artificial Intelligence is set within a period wherein the ocean levels have risen to the extent that it has drowned some of the cities in the world. Despite of this, the human race continues to persevere to the extent that it has been able to create human like robots. Human like here refers to the possession of the appearance, form, and function of a human being. In the film, David stands as a substitute to Henry and Monica Swinton’s son Martin who was considered terminally ill. Martin, however was healed and was sent back to live with his family. As soon as Martin started to live with his family, he resented David and the robot child was forced to be evicted from his home. In this process, David learns the tale of Pinocchio and associates the tale with his quest to find his real mother as well as his quest to turn into a â€Å"real† boy. Although, the film itself might be seen to question the relationship of human beings to technology wherein technological developments may be considered as their offsprings, as I see it the film also question life and existence itself. It might be too farfetched to contrast myself to the character David for the obvious reason that I have empirical evidence that I am not an android however as I see it, it is possible to strike a comparison between David’s quest for his mother [and hence for life itself since the mother stands as the source of life] as well as my quest for meaning. In the journal entry that I chose above, I was placed in a position where I questioned my existence and my identity itself. I have given this some thought in the following days that I have been haunted with these questions. The way I see it, all human beings are partially determined by their past [e. g. the manner in which they were socialized as well as the genetic traits that they have acquired from their family] however at the same time their existence and identity is also determined by their actions in the present. In a way, one might state that each individual is haunted by the ever occurring present since each action and each decision affects ourselves while at the same time placing a permanent mark in who we are. David, in the film Artificial Intelligence, was partially determined by his background [his existence as an artificial intelligence] however despite of this he chose to cling to the tale of Pinocchio and made it his own thereby enabling him to receive the love of human mother at the end of the film. As I see it, if we are to see David’s mother as a symbol for Eve [and hence life itself] and if we are to see ourselves as a David, each continually pursuing his dreams and aspirations, it is possible for us to receive the love of life. As I see it, it is by taking hold of one’s decisions and in a sense of one’s life that one is freed from the initial determinacy of existence. In this sense, although initially one might state that we were initially determined by our nature and the way that we were nurtured it is also possible for us to be freed from this by taking hold of one’s life and being accountable from one’s actions. The way I see it, this was the reason why David was granted the human life in the film Artificial Intelligence.

Natural Rights Theory

Natural Rights Theory Natural rights are perceived as the inherent and original rights of human nature, which equally belong to all men without exception, and which are possessed solely because of their human condition.ÂÂ  They are held to stem from a concept of natural law, whatever definition may be attributed to the term. The theory of natural law and natural rights of man is, however, an obscure one. It seems a strange law, which is unwritten, has never been enacted, may even be observed without penalty, and imposes peculiar rights which are entitled prior to all specific claims within an organised society. It may be just an example of social mythology, but such an idea is still intriguing. For, to disregard it completely is to deny all its evident psychological, political and legal effects, and to adopt it fully is to be blind to mans own imperfections. That men are entitled to make certain claims by virtue simply of their common humanity has been equally passionately defended and vehemently den ied.[Â  [1]Â  ] H. L. A. Hart once asserted that if there are any moral rights at all, it follows that there is at least one natural right, the equal right of all men to be free.[Â  [2]Â  ] And the proposition that all men have natural rights or rights as human beings is found explicitly in the theories of Thomas Aquinas and John Locke, implicitly in the moral and political philosophy of Immanuel Kant, and at least problematic in the writings of Thomas Hobbes. At the level of practise, it is expressed not only in the rhetoric but in the constitutional innovations of the American and French Revolutions, stating that the end in view of every political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptable rights of man.[Â  [3]Â  ] When the ordinary citizen acts as a living and protesting individual, challenging the dictates of existing governments when and if he finds them oppressive, he is appealing to the very same values of freedom and equality among men, and in which social differe nces simply vanish, leaving the solitary individual with his essential human nature. Both conservative and socialist thinkers, however, have attempted to deny such claims, and instead assert the interests of the community as more important than those of the individual. As Karl Marx would put it, none of the so-called rights of man goes beyond egoistic man, an individual withdrawn behind his private interests and whims and separated from the community.[Â  [4]Â  ] The same idea and the same controversies have dominated political debates in the twentieth century regarding governmental practises. The importance of a persons rights to individuality and freedom from interference is central to the moral and political theories of such subjectivist thinkers as J. L. Mackie and David Hume. However, by no one has the theory of natural rights ever been properly justified or denied, or at least not as it has been defined and debated. Questions are then posed as to, why people should suppose that they have natural rights independent of the laws and governments of any existing society? If, for example, the laws of a society condemn a human being to slavery, how would his claim (if any) that freedom is a natural right of man be justified? And, if it could be said that there is an essential aspect of human nature which determines mans free status, a natural law which applies to all men, something in man which governs the relations of human beings independently of the laws of all particular societies, how can such natural facts be discovered if they have never been confirmed by observation? The answer may be contained in the proposition that man uniquely possesses the powers of reason. Thus, Roman lawyers, who were not the first to discuss natural law or natural rights, but the first to posit the theory defensibly, conceived of it as an ideal or standard, not yet completely exemplified in any existing legal code, but also as a standard fixed by nature to be discovered and gradually applied by men.[Â  [5]Â  ] It is a standard not created or conferred by mans voluntary action, but by nature, or God, and which all men have if they are capable of rational choice. According to Thomas Hobbes, the state of nature in which man lived before the social contract was a war of every Man against every Man,[Â  [6]Â  ] a condition of internecine strife in which the life of man was solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.[Â  [7]Â  ] Thomas Hobbes believed that self-preservation was the great lesson of natural law and that law and government would become necessary as a means of promoting order and personal security. For each citizen to preserve his own life, he must give absolute and unconditional obedience to the law. Hobbes political theory is best understood if separate in two parts: his theory of Human Motivation, Psychological Egoism, and his theory of the Social Contract. The direction of this assessment will look exclusively to Hobbes theory of Social Contract. The social contract is used by Hobbes in defense of absolutism and is thus used to justify authoritarian government. Hobbes own goal was to rule out the legitimacy of civil rebellion and thus to eliminate the possibility of civil war, which he regarded as the greatest of evils. Hobbes informs us that we should infer the characteristics of political obligation from the intention of him that submitteth himself to his power, which is to be understood by the end for which he so submitteth.[Â  [8]Â  ] The use of a social contract to construct a natural rights doctrine is articulated most fully in the writings of John Locke.[Â  [9]Â  ] To Locke the state of nature that preceded the social contract was not, as conceived by Hobbes, one of brutal horror, but rather a golden age, an Eden before the Fall. In the state of nature, men have the right to freedom from interference by others and in turn a correlative duty to refrain from interfering in the life of others. However, at the same time, all men may be restrained from invading others rights, and from doing hurt to one another, the execution of the law of nature and preservation of individual natural rights is put into every mans hands, whereby everyone has a right to punish the transgressors of that law to such degree, as may hinder its violation.[Â  [10]Â  ] Men have an obligation to preserve to the best of their ability the life, liberty and property to which others also have natural rights, as long as his own preservation comes not in competition.[Â  [11]Â  ] In moving from the state of nature to that of civil society, man carries with him the natural rights and some of the authority he had in that state of autonomy. There are certain powers, however, that man gives up in subjecting himself to civil authority. He gives up that power he had to do whatever he sees fit for the preservation of his life, since this power is to be regulated by the laws made by society. Man therefore signs a social contract, surrendering the power of punishing, which is to be so far disposed of by the legislative, as the good of society shall require. But he never surrenders his rights, and thus government is obliged to secure everyones property [liberty, life and possessions], by providing against those defects that made the state of nature so unsafe and uneasy.[Â  [12]Â  ] Man did not enter society to become worse than he was before, but only to have his natural rights better secured. When social contract theorists talk of the rights which men enjoyed in the state of nature, they are in effect saying what men ought to enjoy in any society, that all men ought to be free, independent of their social condition. Words like freedom and equality represented for the advocates of natural rights what they considered to be the fundamental moral and social values, which should be realised in any society of rational citizens. These values, and hence natural rights, in the social contract, are the basis for rights embedded in the clauses of constitutions. The fundamental purpose of law is therefore considered to be the protection of individual rights. In reality, however, positive laws of society are somewhat imperfect. Until a law was enacted in order to abolish slavery, slaves ought to have been free but clearly were not. Even though man seemed to be entitled by nature to natural rights, which might be denied to him by the positive laws of existing societies, the natural law and natural rights were impotent. The Social Contract approach to natural law culminated in the writing of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. As Barker has noted: Rousseau is a Janus-like figure in the history of natural law. He turns to it and belongs to it, he turns away from it and it belongs elsewhere.[Â  [13]Â  ] There are two distinct social contract theories by Rousseau. The first one is, Discourse on the Origin and Foundations of Inequality Among Men, usually referred to as the Second Discourse, and is a relation of the moral and political evolution of human beings over time, from a State of Nature to modern society. As such it contains his naturalized description of the social contract, which he sees as very problematic. The second is his normative or idealized theory of the social contract, and is meant to provide the means by which to lighten the problems that modern society has created for us, as laid out in the Second Discourse. Rousseaus idea of a state of nature is closer to Lockes than Hobbes, though without Lockes emphasis on the sanctity of property. Rousseau, the social contract is a mystical construct by which the individual merges into the community and becomes part of the general will. Preferably the people should govern themselves. But, as he acknowledged, it is unimaginable that the people should remain continually assembled to devote their time to public affairs.[Â  [14]Â  ] Law is the register of general will. Government can only be tolerated so long as it accurately reflects the general will. On the other hand, Rousseau insists that whoever refuses to obey the general will shall be compelled to do so by the whole body: he will be forced to be free.[Â  [15]Â  ] What Rousseau is saying is that disobedience is morally illegitimate because it constitutes a failure to discharge a moral obligation a citizen incurred when acting as a citizen. Rousseau is, however, refusing to draw a distinction be tween law and morality: the general will is the moral will of each citizen. Rousseaus social contract theories outline a single, consistent view of our moral and political situation. We are gifted with freedom and equality by nature, but our nature has been contaminated by our contingent social history. We can overcome this sleaze, however, by calling upon our free will to reconstitute ourselves politically, along strongly democratic principles, which is good for us, both individually and collectively. [Â  [16]Â  ] If morality is not to be discovered but to be made, one may say that there are no real natural rights as described above by Lockes theories. Natural events cannot tell us what we ought to do until we have made certain decisions. Whether moved by reason or sentiment, or both, standards of behaviour are determined by human choice, not set by nature independently of men. And no man can have any valid rights in the absence of a society. That is not to argue in favour of the communitarian point of view that there can be no individual rights but it is to assert that human beings need one another in order to fully exercise all their rights. One may say that someone has the right to life only because someone else might have the power to kill him. For, if there were no else in the universe, there would be no need for protection, there would be no need for rights. Human beings can only vindicate their rights in relation to others, for human beings can only live in relation to others. It can thus be concluded that (human) rights are the product of social conditions, of mans general desire for harmonious relations and his instinct of self-preservation in a community of different and often conflicting interests. Hence, neither can there be no natural rights, as understood to be ordained by God, or, as many libertarians would defend, to be discovered by reason. Rather, mens own imperfections have made individual rights a natural quality of human beings. If they are thought to originate outside of human nature and interactions, natural rights are defiable; but nonetheless, in day-to-day life, we simply assume that we have these human rights. It may be a product of human imagination, and it probably is but we like to think that they are real.

John Lockes Essay Concerning Human Understanding -- Reality John Lock

John Locke's Essay Concerning Human Understanding In John Locke's "Essay Concerning Human Understanding", he makes a distinction between the sorts of ideas we can conceive of in the perception of objects. Locke separates these perceptions into primary and secondary qualities. Regardless of any criticism of such a distinction, it is a necessary one in that, without it, perception would be a haphazard affair. To illustrate this, an examination of Locke's definition of primary and secondary qualities is necessary. Starting from common-sense notions of perception, namely that there must be something in order to perceive something, Locke continues by arguing that ideas in the mind correspond to qualities in the object being perceived. Locke states that: Whatsoever the mind perceives in itself, or is in the immediate object of perception, thought or understanding, that I call idea; and the power to produce any idea in our mind, I call quality of the subject wherein that power is. 11 Primary qualities are those aspects of an object that are in and of the object being perceived. Anything that must actually be in an object in order for any object to exist is a primary quality. These, Locke stated, are inseparable from an object. Qualities such as mass, solidity, and extension in three dimensions are all primary qualities. To say that an object has mass and solidity but no shape or extension in three dimensions is inconceivable if not outright ridiculous. So, primary qualities are necessary for an object to be considered an object. If something does not have primary qualities, then it cannot be considered an object but must be considered to be something else. Secondary qualities, according to Locke,... ...ere God creates substance and everything associated with it. Conversely, without a belief in God, Berkeley's position cannot be put forth, as there would be nothing to create the perceptions, and Locke's position becomes more likely. And if your faith leads you to the conclusion that there is no God, then you must put your faith in a material world for there is no other consistent world of which you could conceive. Endnotes 1 Locke, Berkeley, and Hume. The Empiricists. (New York: DoubleDay, 1974) p.24 [Back] 2 Locke, Berkeley, and Hume. The Empiricists. (New York: DoubleDay, 1974) p.25 [Back] 3 Locke, Berkeley, and Hume. The Empiricists. (New York: DoubleDay, 1974) p.166 [Back] 4 Locke, Berkeley, and Hume. The Empiricists. (New York: DoubleDay, 1974) p.168 [Back] 5 Locke, Berkeley, and Hume. The Empiricists. (New York: DoubleDay, 1974) p.168 [Back]

Snakes And Ladders :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Snakes and Ladders by Gita Mehta is a book that celebrates India and its history. The author provides many short stories that try to show how India is trying to develop as a nation. She tells about the complex religious system, as well as cultural diversity, and the corruption of India’s government. She shows the reader many aspects of the experience of living in India, which Mehta clearly shows that she loves, but she attempts to remain neutral about the issues that she discusses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the Indian nationalists were revolting against the British Empire, it changed the way of life in India. It let women have a more active role in everyday activities. Mehta’s father played a very active role in the revolutions; he used his house as a place for Indian nationalists to hide out for this he was placed in jail for several years. Her uncle was sentenced to seventeen years in a torture camp for different charges. Yet when asked what their worst memory of being under British rule was, they simply provided a simple story with not much significance. Now instead of being under British rule, the India people are under the rule of leaders that view themselves as being the person who drove the British out of India. One thing remains the same though, the people of India view their land as being their own, and that is what is important to them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the major problems facing India is poverty among its people. India is one of the ten most industrialized countries in the world, they graduate around five million people from college each year, and they even have a space program more advanced than most European countries. Yet the people of India are still starving, they do not produce enough jobs for all of the college graduates, and despite the fact that they can travel into space, India has underdeveloped irrigation, and electrical grids.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the outskirts of Delhi, the author found people rummaging through garbage dumps. At first she thought that they were just homeless bums, but when she went into the dumps herself she found out that the people had been of a higher class, but tragedy landed them here. The people in the dumps were women and children searching though the dumps for scraps of iron, glass, or cloth. They would then sell these items to a contractor for money.

The Importance of Work-Life Initiatives Essay -- Health & Wellness

Work causes stress. Both men and women are working, raising a family, and going to school. Previously, women in the work force take demotions or walk away from their careers’ when having children. Today, families rely on a dual income. With both parents working full time, while raising children, the relationship between work and home responsibilities are unbalanced. Subsequently, this unbalance creates stress for both the employee and the employer. Work-life balance is the need to provide a schedule that will combine work, family relationships, and leisure time into a satisfying life. Flexible work arrangements balance work and responsibility at home; which helps employees cope with stress, encourages smart work instead of hard work, and empowers them to make healthy decisions. Organizations need to assess workplace culture and provide mechanisms to support work-life balance that are mutually beneficial to both the organization and the employee. Individuals each have unique responsibilities that define the meaning of work-life balance. Employees in the workforce that fulfill family and work commitments have achieved a sense of work-life balance ("The business imperative," 2009). The distinction between work and personal life used to be clear. Today, personal commitments suffer for lack of time and energy. Unfortunately, the demands of work outweigh the demands at home, because without work the home does not exist. The unbalanced work-life creates negative and disengaged employees. It costs the U.S. economy between $250 and $300 billion every year in lost productivity alone (Clifton & Rath, 2009). Organizations now realize their success directly relates to the morale of their empl... ...ght%20q2%202009.pdf McMahon, C., & Pocock, B. Australian Government, EOWA. (2011). Doing things differently: Case studies of work-life innovation in six Australian workplaces. Retrieved from http://www.eowa.gov.au/Information_Centres/Resource_Centre/EOWA_Publications/University_of_SA_Case_Study/UniSA_Case%20Studies%20report_April2011.pdf Nixon, J. (n.d.). Work-life balance. In M. Simmering (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Business (2nd ed. pp. Tr-Z). Retrieved from http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Tr-Z/Work-Life-Balance.html SHRM. (2011). Shrm research spotlight: Flexible work arrangements. Retrieved from http://www.shrm.org/research/surveyfindings/documents/11-workflexflier_final_rev.pdf Yasbek, P. (2004), The business case for firm-level work-life balance policies: a review of the literature. Retrieved from http://w.iaa.govt.nz/PDFs/FirmLevelWLB.pdf The Importance of Work-Life Initiatives Essay -- Health & Wellness Work causes stress. Both men and women are working, raising a family, and going to school. Previously, women in the work force take demotions or walk away from their careers’ when having children. Today, families rely on a dual income. With both parents working full time, while raising children, the relationship between work and home responsibilities are unbalanced. Subsequently, this unbalance creates stress for both the employee and the employer. Work-life balance is the need to provide a schedule that will combine work, family relationships, and leisure time into a satisfying life. Flexible work arrangements balance work and responsibility at home; which helps employees cope with stress, encourages smart work instead of hard work, and empowers them to make healthy decisions. Organizations need to assess workplace culture and provide mechanisms to support work-life balance that are mutually beneficial to both the organization and the employee. Individuals each have unique responsibilities that define the meaning of work-life balance. Employees in the workforce that fulfill family and work commitments have achieved a sense of work-life balance ("The business imperative," 2009). The distinction between work and personal life used to be clear. Today, personal commitments suffer for lack of time and energy. Unfortunately, the demands of work outweigh the demands at home, because without work the home does not exist. The unbalanced work-life creates negative and disengaged employees. It costs the U.S. economy between $250 and $300 billion every year in lost productivity alone (Clifton & Rath, 2009). Organizations now realize their success directly relates to the morale of their empl... ...ght%20q2%202009.pdf McMahon, C., & Pocock, B. Australian Government, EOWA. (2011). Doing things differently: Case studies of work-life innovation in six Australian workplaces. Retrieved from http://www.eowa.gov.au/Information_Centres/Resource_Centre/EOWA_Publications/University_of_SA_Case_Study/UniSA_Case%20Studies%20report_April2011.pdf Nixon, J. (n.d.). Work-life balance. In M. Simmering (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Business (2nd ed. pp. Tr-Z). Retrieved from http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Tr-Z/Work-Life-Balance.html SHRM. (2011). Shrm research spotlight: Flexible work arrangements. Retrieved from http://www.shrm.org/research/surveyfindings/documents/11-workflexflier_final_rev.pdf Yasbek, P. (2004), The business case for firm-level work-life balance policies: a review of the literature. Retrieved from http://w.iaa.govt.nz/PDFs/FirmLevelWLB.pdf

College Athletes Essay

College athletes are manipulated every day. Student athletes are working day in and day out to meet academic standards and to keep their level of play competitive. These athletes need to be rewarded and credited for their achievements. Not only are these athletes not being rewarded but they are also living with no money. Because the athletes are living off of no money they are very vulnerable to taking money from boosters and others that are willing to help them out. The problem with this is that the athletes are not only getting themselves in trouble but their athletic departments as well. Recently college athletes have been granted permission to work, from the NCAA. Even with this permission, their jobs are still regulated. One regulation to the athletes working is that they cannot work for alumni of the school. The NCAA has this rule because they feel if athletes work for people with close ties to the school then they will be receiving special benefits while working. These special benefits include, (but are not limited to), athletes being paid while not at work and higher salaries then other workers doing the same job (Anstine 4). Another restraint to college athletes working is a time restraint. College athletes have very busy schedules they follow and when finished with their schedules they are left with very little free time. Student athletes are required to take a minimum of twelve credit hours to start the semester and required to pass at least nine credit hours by the end of the semester. With this standard having to be met, the athletes are spending hours studying and attending class. Besides from studying and attending class the athletes then have to go to practice. Going to practice and participating takes up about four to seven hours of the athlete’s day. After all of this is completed, the athletes are left with only a couple of hours for them to enjoy time with their friends or even to just relax and watch a movie. But, because these athletes are college students and do not receive any money for their commitments they are supposed to squeeze time in for work in. If athletes apply for a job they are limited to only a couple of hours a day to work. Also a large number of jobs request their employees to be available on the weekends. Athletes are not available on weekends because they are traveling with the team to play. Even with all of these limitations, if an athlete is still able to find a job he or she would have to give up time that should be set aside for studying (Bascuas 2). With college athletes not having time to work, money is very scarce. Because money is scarce they are tempted to take money from agents and other boosters. The taking of this money is a problem because it is a violation of the NCAA rules. When student athletes receive money, they are susceptible to being suspended from the team. They also run the risk of getting the school suspended from NCAA play and scholarship money limited. Many college athletics are run as businesses. They are making millions of dollars a year and are not even paying their workers, the athletes. The hard work and dedication not only makes money for the school it also gets the schools name out to the public. When schools athletics are playing well and are nationally televised, more people are aware of the school this will help an increase of applications and other people’s interest in the school (Stanley 1). College athletics need a reform. Student athletes need to start being rewarded monetarily for their hard work and dedication. They have limited time to work, and somehow, they need to make money. If the athletes are allowed to receive money for their commitments, then it will allow them to have spending money to enjoy themselves when they do have free time. Also, by allowing athletes to receive money, schools and athletes will not get suspended for taking money that is so tempting to them. Personal Response. With the new research and information gathered by the author for this paper will help shape his final paper. The information gathered gave him new statistical information that was not used in this paper but will be useful in the final paper. Along with the new information, the writer has learned the results of athletes taking money and the punishments that happen not only to the individuals but what also happens to the universities. Also the author picked up new information about the publicity that the schools receive from their sport programs. When the school’s teams are participating in tournaments and nationally televised games, more and more people are hearing about their school. This is important to the final paper because it allows the author to touch on how the school benefits indirectly from their athletic department. This paper was very helpful to me and will help shape my final paper. With writing this paper with the cause and effect background, it will help the author discuss the results of athletes being poor and not being allowed to receive money from boosters, other associates, and the school itself.

Internal Control Essay

4. Organisation background Inkwell Limited is a manufacturer of re-cycle inkjet and laser toner printer cartridges. Inkwell Limited printer cartridge is widely applicable. The main commercial focus is on strong retail market that demand cheaper and greener products Inkwell Ltd has a couple of small main suppliers that produce 4.1 Inkwell Limited is a limited company, established in 2003. The head office and Warehouse is based in Birmingham West Midland. 4.2 Their business model is to offer a part exchange facility whereby customer either post used cartridge to the company’s on the line shop or physically take them onto one of over 60 shops in the company’s chain that are situated in all major UK cities, and many large towns. If customers do bring their old cartridge in they are then given a 10% discount against the cost of a replacement cartridge. 4.3 Its mains mission is to save customers money by not compromising quality and at the same time help ensure a greener environmental future by better use of inkjet and toner cartridge. 4.3 Inkwell is a company, mainly owned by shareholders. The managing director own the most numbers of share, while both the sale director and the finance director own equal shares. 4.4 The three directors and the company accountant are the main decision makers in the company with the help of managers and supervisors. 4.5 The shop managers are responsible for their own staff by preparing rotas and ensuring adequate staff coverage for all of the opening hours of their shop. 4.6 Finance, Marketing and Sales are the main departments In Appendix a there are a organisation Chart. 5. Structure and Function of the accounting System at Inkwell See Appendix a for Organisation Chart 5.1 Inkwell is a ‘tall’ structure company. They are different levels of people, each level is control by the level above. This very common of such a big organisation where each level is centralised. 5.2 The accounting function is a small section of Inkwell Limited. It consist of Anil Gupta as the Finance Director who his fully responsible for all finance, legal and accounting procedures and systems. This in tail producing the company annual report, dealing with all banking and finance issues. Michael O’Panye the Company Accountant, who’s duties are producing the monthly management report, approving all payments to suppliers. However his main role is to manage the work of the accounting technicians and clerks. 5.3 Alex Fox, account technician compiling this report, have worked for Inkwell for the past 6 months reviewing the company’s systems and procedures pin pointing any recommend charges where needed. The main duties that’s covered within the account department by others consist of sales and purchase ledger entries, preparing supplier’s payment, payment allocation, cash book entry, petty cash summary, cost analyst, bank reconciliation, payroll run and personal data up keep. 6. Weakness and finding of the current system 6.1 A SWOT analysis has been carried out on the current accounting function in Inkwell showing the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threat (Appendix – ) From the SWOT analysis it can be seen that there are the following key weaknesses in the payroll process. 6.2 System Integration – Whiles the payroll is integrated with the personnel data system, allowing them to talk to one another, information could be sent from one application to the other, it is not been used to its full potential due to time consuming caused by lack of experience and knowledge 6.3 Hourly paid – The weekly hourly paid staff pay is calculated manually from a weekly rota prepared by the shop manager’s. This situation is not ideal its open to mistakes and potential to fraud. By simply installing online time clock terminals lets managers control where employees clock in/out from by setting up specific time clock locations and shift planning’s web-based time clock software gets rid of the need for expensive stand-alone equipment while streamlining the process of time sheet management allowing the payroll clerk to take work data direct to payroll. 6.4 Time Management – The payroll clerk is responsible for managing a weekly payroll Including calculating overtime worked and sales commission for over 60 shops, two separate monthly payrolls (the total employee is around 180) issues all statutory forms required by HMRC, and the annual tax returns, updating and maintaining the personnel database. Managing a vast work load is very difficult and any possible ways of improving the processes to make them more efficient should be taken advantage of. By installing an online time clock terminal can allow mangers to plan shifts automatically. It reduce the time spent calculating individual time sheets and allow the payroll clerk the information direct to payroll. 6.5 Knowledge – The payroll clerk is responsible for the both the payroll and the personnel database which is integrated. As the payroll clerk only had one-day in house intensive training course on the system therefore the payroll found it difficult to get to grips with both the payroll and the personnel data system after just one day’s of training. By the company supplying training, the payroll clerk can perform more efficient and feel more confident. 6.6 Commission – All sales staff and shop managers earn a commission of 2% each on the first  £4000.00 of sales per month, and 5% on any sales over that figure, this is based on for each shop rather than the individual. Inkwell Ltd have over 60 shops, with 3 or 4 employee per shop with annual turnover of 16 million pound would suggest the average amount per shop per week is  £5,128.00. Every shop staff including managers would be paid commission each month 6.7 These four factors outline the main problems affecting the accounting function payroll. The commission to all shop staff is one of most obvious cost effective that could be saved each month, due to weekly intake’s from each shop over  £5,000.00. Not only would Inkwell save a great deal of money which in turn could be sent on other things such as improving the performance of the accounting system. 6.8 Cutting the commission to just individual per shop would mean also the Less time spent preparing the figures for bonuses, more hours gain to do other Things

Curriculum and Material Development

THE TEACHING PROCESS The focus here is on the teaching practices that occur within a program, how these can be characterized, and how quality teaching can be achieved and maintained. a. Teaching Model and Principles This book has emphasized the curriculum as a network of interacting system involving teacher, learners, materials, school, administrator, and curriculum planners, and choices ay one level affect other elements in the system. Thus the choice of a particular curriculum philosophy or ideology implies a particular model of teaching.Roberts (1998, 103) compares two teaching models implicit in many language program: the operative model and the problem problem-solving model: ? Operative is model the teacher is restricted to meeting the requirements of a centralized system, such as the delivery of a textbook as planned, to a set timescale. Such as limited role, limited to that of curriculum transmission, implies training objectives based of mastery of a set of competencies determ ined by the centralized syllabus. ? Problem solver is model a decentralized curriculum gives teachers greater autonomy in making educational decisions.A diversified teacher to able to diagnose problems and adapt materials and design original learning activities. The former can viewed as a teaching model compatible with a mechanistic model of organization design and the latter to the organic model. In language teaching programs, teaching models are often based on particular methods or approaches. For example: †¢ The communicative approach : the focus of teaching is authentic communication; extensive use is made of pair and group activities that involve negotiation of meaning and information sharing.Fluency is a priority. †¢ The cooperative learning model : students work in cooperative learning situations and are encouraged to work together on common task and to coordinate their efforts to complete task. Rewards system in group †¢ The process approach : In writing class es, student take part in activities that develop their understanding of writing as a process. †¢ The whole-language approach : Students are taught to read and write naturally, with a focus on real communication, authentic texts and reading and writing for pleasure.Rather than drawing approach or method, the teaching model in a program in a program may be based on a coherent set of participles that reflect how teaching and learning should be approached. This is the teaching philosophy of the program and serves as the basis for decisions about classroom methodology. Articulating a teaching philosophy in this way can help clarify decision relating to choice of classroom activities, materials, and teacher evaluation.In the case of a teaching model that is based on an existing teaching model such as communicative language teaching, the philosophy and principles of the model are accepted as givens : teachers are expected to be familiar with them and to put the principles into practic e. Teacher teaching in different ways. Even thought two teachers work toward identical goals they may choose different ways of getting there. Teachers bring to teaching their own personal beliefs and principles and these help to account for how they teach.Teachers principles are a product of their experience, their training and their beliefs. Bellows are the example of teacher' principles cited by Breen are: †¢ selectively focus on the form of the language †¢ selectively focus on vocabulary or meaning †¢ enable the learners to use the language †¢ address learners' mental-processing capacities †¢ make the new language familiar and manageable †¢ monitor learner progress and provide feedback †¢ facilitate learner responsibility †¢ manage the lesson and the group b. Maintaining Good Teaching Quality teaching can't simply be assumed to happen.It results from an active, ongoing effort on the part of teachers and administrators to ensure that good te aching practices are being maintained. This involved the establishment of shared commitment to quality teaching and the selection of appropriate measures to bring it about. The following are strategies that address this issue. 1. Monitoring Information needs to be collected regularly on all aspects of the program to find out how teacher are teaching the course, what is working well or proving difficult and what issues teachers need to resolve.Monitoring can take place through formal and informal mechanism such as group meetings, written reports, classroom visit, and student’s evaluations. 2. Observation Regular observation of teachers by other teachers or supervisors can provide positive feedback on teaching as well as help identify areas that might need attention. Observation may, but need not, involve evaluation. Peer observation can also be used to enable teachers to share approaches and teaching strategies. This might include information on how students complete a learnin g activity or the type and frequency or questions the teacher uses.Teacher can also make use of self observation to see what it tells them about their teaching. 3. Identification and resolution of problems Timely identification of problems in a program is essential to ensure that small problems do not develop into bigger ones. Good communication systems can help ensure that problems are brought to the attention of teachers or supervisors for timely resolutions. 4. Shared planning Teachers often work in isolation and do not always have the opportunities to benefit from the collective expertise of their colleagues.One way to avoid this is to build on opportunities for collaborative planning, as when teachers work together in pairs or groups on course planning, material development and lesson planning. During the process of planning, potential problems can often be identified and resolved. 5. Documentation and sharing of good practices A great deal of excellent teaching goes on in scho ols, but much of it is known only to individual teachers or supervisors. Teachers should be encouraged to report on their positive teaching experiences.For example, teacher might write short case accounts of a successful course they taught and share them with other teachers or post them in the Internet. They could write short articles for an in-house newsletter or teacher' magazine. Classes can be video-recorded to provide input to workshops or teaching-training sessions. Meetings or â€Å"mini-conferences† can be arranged in which teachers report on classroom innovations or other activities they wish to share with colleagues. 6. Self-study of the program Self-study involves a study of a program's practices and values as part of the process of self-evaluation and review.It is part of the process of demonstrating a commitment to quality and to long-term goals and professional development. A self-study should be undertaken every three to five years and involves teachers, admini strator, and students in a process of examining all aspect of a schools' operations (Kelly 1988) self-study involves a study of a program's practices and values as part of the process of self-evaluation and review. It is part of the process of demonstrating a commitment to quality and to long-term goals and professional development.A self-study should be undertaken every three to five years and involves teachers, administrator, and students in a process of examining all aspect of a schools' operations (Kelly 1988). c. Evaluating Teaching If a program seeks to provide quality teaching, it is essential that teachers’ performance be regularly reviewed. An appraisal system may have several different purposes: †¢ To reward teachers for good performance †¢ To help identify needs for further training †¢ To reinforce the need for continuous staff development †¢ To help improve teaching †¢ To provide a basis contract renewal and promotion To demonstrate an int erest in teachers’ performance and development The purpose of the appraisal will determine the type of appraisal that is carried out. 1. Developing the appraisal system An appraisal system is likely to have greater credibility if it represents both teachers and administrators views. It should therefore be produced collaboratively and represent all point of view. However, any appraisal system needs to recognize that there is no single correct way conduct of teaching. Teacher have different styles of teaching, and two teachers may conduct their classes very differently yet both be excellent teachers.Therefore, criteria for the complexity of teaching as well as the fact that it is a uniquely individual activity. In language teaching, there are no universally accepted criteria for assessing teacher effectiveness and several different kind of appraisal approaches are used. Criteria are generally established on an institutional basis, drawing on general principles for teacher effec tiveness and factors specific to the type of program in which the teacher work. Murdoch (1997) contains a questionnaire designed to the perceived qualities and competencies of good English teacher, and organized according to three areas. .The focus of appraisal Although appraisal usually involves observation of a teacher teaching one or more classes, the focus of appraisal may include a number of other aspects of a teacher’s work, such as: a. Lesson plans b. Teacher-made classroom materials c. Course outlines and handouts d. Class assignments e. Participation in profession development activities 3. Conducting the appraisal A teaching appraisal may be carried out by a supervisor, a colleague, the teacher himself or herself, or students. Appraisal by a supervisor: supervisor often assume the role of appraiser, though many teacher find that they prefer appraisal to be carried by someone other than a supervisor.The presence of a supervisor in the classroom may inhibit the teacher from performing to his or her best. In addition, if the supervisor is largely an administrator rather than a classroom teacher, he or she may not have a good understanding of the classroom situation, resulting in misperceptions about different aspect of the lesson. In order to provide some consistency to appraisals, checklists are often used. Appraisal by a colleague: peer appraisal is generally less threatening for a teacher than appraisal by a colleague and may result in more constructive feedback. A colleague will often have a better understanding of the difficulties a teacher faces and perhaps be able to suggest useful easy of addressing them. †¢Self-appraisal : teacher themselves are often in a good position to assess their own teacher and self-appraisal is perhaps the threatening form of teacher assessment. Self-appraisal may take a variety of forms : o Lesson reports : The teacher may use structured descriptions of a lesson whit an evaluation of each component. Teaching journal : The teacher keep a regular journal about his or her class, and describe and reflect on different aspects of planning and teaching the course. o Audio/video recording : The teacher may record a number of lesson of his or her class or arrange to have someone else record them, review the recordings, and comment on the strengths or weaknesses of the lesson. o Student appraisal : Student are in a good position to assess the effectiveness of teaching, although the extent to which they are able to do so depends on the type of feedback instrument they are given.Although students often critical, they usually have a good sense of whether a teacher prepares his or her lesson, teacher relevant content, provides lesson that are engaging, relevant and at an appropriate level of difficulty. 4. THE LEARNING PROCESS Learning is not the mirror image of teaching. The extent to which teaching achieves its goals will also dependent on how successfully learners have been considered in the plan ning and delivery process. The following factors may affect how successfully a course is received by learners. .Understanding of the course Understanding of the course very important to ensure the learners understanding to the goals of the course, the reason for the way it is organized and taught, and the approaches to learning they will be encouraged to take. b. View of learning Learners enter a course with their own views of teaching and learning and these may not be identical to those of their teachers. Al Corso and Kalantzis (1985) found that teacher rates the usefulness of ommunicative activities highly, whereas their learners tended to favor more traditional activities such as grammar exercises, copying written material, memorizing, and drill work. Course may assume a variety of different learner roles, such as:†¢ Manager of his or her own learning †¢ Independent learner †¢ Need analyst †¢ Collaborator and team member †¢ Peer tutor c. Learning Style Le arning styles may be an important factor in the success of teaching and may not necessarily reflect those that teachers recommended. In a study of the learning style, Willing found four different learner types such as: Concrete learners These learners preferred learning by games, picture, films and video, taking in pairs, learning through the use of cassettes, and going on excursions †¢ Analytical learners These learners liked studying grammar, studying English books, studying alone, finding their own mistakes, having problems to work on, and learning through reading newspapers †¢ Communicative learnersThis group liked to learn by observing and listening to native speakers, taking to friends in English, watching TV in English, learning English words by hearing them and learning by conversations Authority-oriented learners These students liked the teacher to explain everything, writing everything in a notebook, having their own textbook, learning to read, studying grammar, and learning English words by seeing them d. Motivation Beside of learning style, motivations also important to find out what the learner’s motivations are for taking the course. e. Support Support mechanism provided for learners are another component of course delivery. These include the kinds of feedback learners will get about their learning and opportunities that are provided for faster or slower learners.CONCLUSION In this paper we are discussed about â€Å"providing for effective teaching† which have four factors, which are: ? Institutional factors Institutional factor has correlation about the institution organizational, institutional quality, good internal communication between administrator and the teacher also professional teacher and opportunities for developing teacher's ability. ? Teacher factors Teacher factor discuss about teacher' skill and qualification, the aspect for supporting teacher to do their responsibility. ? Teaching factorsTeaching process is the way to monitoring process teaching-learning based on the model and principle which chosen by its institution, than maintenance when found the error process and also evaluating teaching. ? Learners factors The last factor to achieve quality teaching is learner factor. Learner factor is the way to know what the learner need, how to choose the appropriate learning style, giving motivation and also support to the pupils REFERENCE Jack C. Richards. 2001. Curriculum Development in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press

Cis499

Gene Splicing Lab Question #1: DNA is made up of two separate strands of base sequences. The same sequence is found on both strands, but running in opposite directions. What word describes this characteristic? Palindrome Question #2: What does the term â€Å"sticky ends† refer to in gene splicing? When you splice a piece of DNA with a restriction enzyme, and want to insert the new gene, the â€Å"glue† that holds the two pieces together are the complementary bases, or sticky ends. Question #3: What is a plasmid? How is a plasmid used in gene splicing? A plasmid is a circular segment of DNA with an origin of replication.It can be duplicated and serve as an adjunct to the main bacterial chromosome. Question #4: What types of vectors are used to carry DNA from one species into the DNA of another species? Give examples. Generally plasmids and viruses, although naked DNA is a possible source as well. Question #5: What is a â€Å"transgenic organism†? Give examples. Or ganisms that contain dna from another organism. it is a type of gmo, or genetically modified organism. Ex: genetically modified crops, transgenic cows that produce different milk, mice with different genesQuestion #6: Why is it essential that the same restriction enzyme be used to cleave (cut) the DNA of both organisms used to create a transgenic organism? The restriction enzyme cuts in specifc sites on the DNA, for example complementary strands. A and T or C and G. So only with the same enzyme at both the DNA of organisms in places where the complementary base pairing can be cut, is used as the same enzyme enzyme, the DNA will be cut for example. at A and T on both the organisms the opportunity to tie the organisms at these sites via H-bridges as complementary bases.Therefore, it is allowed to bind the two organisms form a transgenic organism Question #7: Are there any factors other than technical ones that might slow — or even prevent — the use of bioengineering? The re are many social factors that will impede the progress of bioengineering. In the case of agricultural bioengineering, some people are frightened that bioengineered food would be less healthy. Bioengineered crops will also decrease the biodiversity of our food, making it more susceptible to disease (ergo famine). Also, genetically engineered crops will give developed nations a huge advantage over third world in food production.